Before Jesus’ atoning sacrifice, what happened to believers upon death?
In Luke 16, Jesus tells a story of a rich man and Lazarus. In it, the rich man and Lazarus both die. The rich man goes to Hades (the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew “Sheol”). Across a great chasm, the rich man sees Lazarus by Abraham’s side. This passage indicates Hades is a holding place that contained sinners (in torment) and saints (in comfort). Jesus directly taught that Hades contained a place of comfort for saints.